SQLite Unions 子句

sqlite unions 子句

sqlite的 union 子句/运算符用于合并两个或多个 select 语句的结果,不返回任何重复的行。

为了使用 union,每个 select 被选择的列数必须是相同的,相同数目的列表达式,相同的数据类型,并确保它们有相同的顺序,但它们不必具有相同的长度。

 

1. 语法

union 的基本语法如下:

select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]

union

select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]

这里给定的条件根据需要可以是任何表达式。

假设有下面两个表,(1)company 表如下所示:

sqlite> select * from company;
id          name                  age         address     salary
----------  --------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------
1           paul                  32          california  20000.0
2           allen                 25          texas       15000.0
3           teddy                 23          norway      20000.0
4           mark                  25          rich-mond   65000.0
5           david                 27          texas       85000.0
6           kim                   22          south-hall  45000.0
7           james                 24          houston     10000.0

(2)另一个表是 department,如下所示:

id          dept                  emp_id
----------  --------------------  ----------
1           it billing            1
2           engineering           2
3           finance               7
4           engineering           3
5           finance               4
6           engineering           5
7           finance               6

现在,让我们使用 select 语句及 union 子句来连接两个表,如下所示:

sqlite> select emp_id, name, dept from company inner join department
        on company.id = department.emp_id
   union
     select emp_id, name, dept from company left outer join department
        on company.id = department.emp_id;

这将产生以下结果:

emp_id      name                  dept
----------  --------------------  ----------
1           paul                  it billing
2           allen                 engineerin
3           teddy                 engineerin
4           mark                  finance
5           david                 engineerin
6           kim                   finance
7           james                 finance

 

2. union all 子句

union all 运算符用于结合两个 select 语句的结果,包括重复行。

适用于 union 的规则同样适用于 union all 运算符。

 

语法

union all 的基本语法如下:

select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]

union all

select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]

这里给定的条件根据需要可以是任何表达式。

现在,让我们使用 select 语句及 union all 子句来连接两个表,如下所示:

sqlite> select emp_id, name, dept from company inner join department
        on company.id = department.emp_id
   union all
     select emp_id, name, dept from company left outer join department
        on company.id = department.emp_id;

这将产生以下结果:

emp_id      name                  dept
----------  --------------------  ----------
1           paul                  it billing
2           allen                 engineerin
3           teddy                 engineerin
4           mark                  finance
5           david                 engineerin
6           kim                   finance
7           james                 finance
1           paul                  it billing
2           allen                 engineerin
3           teddy                 engineerin
4           mark                  finance
5           david                 engineerin
6           kim                   finance
7           james                 finance

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